{"product_id":"development-of-metaphysics-in-persia-muhammad-iqbal","title":"The Development of Metaphysics in Persia — Muhammad Iqbal","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"display:block;width:100%;max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;line-height:1.75;text-align:left;columns:1;column-count:1\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnglish reflowable EPUB—instant digital delivery.\u003c\/strong\u003e No physical book or shipping is included.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout the book\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuhammad Iqbal’s first book traces Persian metaphysical thought from Zoroaster, Mani, and Mazdak through Greek and Islamic encounters to rationalism, Sufism, illuminationism, and later Persian thinkers. It offers a compact map of ideas that would continue to shape Iqbal’s mature philosophy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis Nile Book Store edition is designed for comfortable reading on phones, tablets, computers, and compatible e-readers, with resizable text, search, and an internal table of contents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003csection style=\"display:block;width:100%;margin:1.2rem 0;border:1px solid #ded8ca;border-radius:8px;padding:1rem 1.2rem;box-sizing:border-box;background:#fbf8f1;columns:1;column-count:1\"\u003e\u003ch2 style=\"margin:.1rem 0 .7rem;color:#155f73;font-size:1.15rem\"\u003eRead an excerpt\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cblockquote style=\"display:block;width:100%;margin:0;padding:.9rem 1.1rem;box-sizing:border-box;border-left:4px solid #d2a64c;background:#fff;line-height:1.75;columns:1;column-count:1\"\u003eWith the Arab conquest of Persia, a new era begins in the history of Persian thought.\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003ch2\u003eEdition details\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLanguage: English\u003cbr\u003eFormat: Reflowable EPUB\u003cbr\u003eAuthor: Muhammad Iqbal\u003cbr\u003eCategory: Islamic Thought \u0026amp; Sufism\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csmall\u003ePublic-domain 1908 text sourced from Project Gutenberg eBook 41707. Cover and digital preparation by Nile Book Store, 2026.\u003c\/small\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Muhammad Iqbal","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50227803128056,"sku":"EN-41707","price":1.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0802\/4798\/0280\/files\/development-of-metaphysics-in-persia-iqbal-cover.jpg?v=1787618832","url":"https:\/\/nilebookstore.com\/ar\/products\/development-of-metaphysics-in-persia-muhammad-iqbal","provider":"Nile Book Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}